Geographical Terms
ANTIPODESA region or place on the opposite side of a point on the earth.
ANTICYCLONESWinds which blow outward from the center.
APHELIONPosition of the earth in its orbit when is at the maximum distance from the sun.
ARCHIPELAGOA cluster of islands, e.g., Pearl Islands in the Gulf of Panama.
ATOLLCoral reef resembling a horse shoe, enclosing a lagoon.
AXISAn imaginary line joining north and south poles.
AVALANCHEA vast mass of snow mixed with earth or stones.
BIOSPHEREAnimate or inanimate organic kingdom on earth.
CANYONA deep valley cut by a river through a mountain region, e,g., the Grand Canyon of the Colarado river in the USA.
CONTINENTAL SHELFLand adjoining a continent submerged in the sea.
CYCLONESA low pressure system area in which the wind blows spirally inward.
CROP ROTATIONGrowing different crops needing different minerals for their growth in the same piece of land in order to get more yield.
DATE LINEAn imaginary line pointing north-south approximating to the Meridian 180 (east or west) where the date changes by one day the moment it is crossed.
DELTAAlluvial deposit shaped like Greek letter, formed at the mouth of the river, where it falls into the sea, e.g., the Sunderban delta.
DEWCondensed atmospheric water vapours due to the cooling of the air.
DRY FARMINGGrowing of crops in low rainfall areas by moisture conservation, crop rotation but without irrigation.
EQUATORAn imaginary line dividing the earth into two equal parts.
EQUINOXESThe day on which nights and days are of equal duration, e.g., March 22 and September 23.
EROSIONWearing away of the earth's land surface by rain, wind, water, etc. rendering the land infertile.
ECLIPSEWhen one earthly body obscures another one partially or completely.
FOGWhen the atmospheric moisture touches cold earth and condenses on dust particles.
FROSTWhen the atmospheric moisture deposits in the shape of icy flakes on the exposed objects or near the ground due to below freezing point temperature.
HIGH SEASThe parts of the sea which do not come under the territorial jurisdiction of the nations.
ICEBERGHuge mass of ice separated from glacier in the polar regions. These masses of ice float in the oceans with 9 parts submerged in the ocean and one part visible.
ISOBARSLines on the map connecting the places of the same pressure.
ISOTHERMSLines on the map joining the places of the same temperature.
ISTHMUSNarrow neck of land joining two land areas.
KUNDANAnew variety of wheat which gives high yields in both rained and irrigated tracts and responds well to low dose of water and fertiliser.
LAGOONA shallow stream of water at the mouth of a river enclosed bu dunes of river silt.
LIGHT YEARThe distance traveled by light in one year. It is equal to 9.4*10612 km.
LOCAL TIMETime calculated from the sun at noon at any place of earth.
MERIDIANImaginary line joining north and south poles and cutting the equator at right angles.
MISTIt is just like fog but contain more moisture.
OASISA part of the desert where water and vegetation are found.
ORBITThe path of the heavenly bodies.
PYGMALLION POINTThe southernmost point of India, 700 km away from mainland India.
PRAIRIESSmooth, treeless, green plain of Central and North America.
REEFJutting of rock or shingle or sand at just above or below sea level.
SAVANNALand covered with natural grass.
SIDEREAL DAYTime taken by the earth to rotate once round its axis.
SNOW LINEAltitudinal line along which the area remains snow clad.
SPRING TIDESHigher tides in the ocean caused by the sun and the moon together. When the sun, the earth and the moon are positioned in a straight line.
NEAP TIDESTides caused by the differences of the forces exerted by the moon and the sun when both are at right angles to each other.
TORNADOA brisk and violent storm generally having rotator motion.
TUNDRASPeripheral area of Arctic ocean.
TYCOONViolent hurricane in China Sea.
WEATHER SATELLITEArtificial satellite designed to forecast weather.
WESTERLIESConstant winds blowing from south-west in the northern hemisphere and north-west in south hemisphere.
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