Monday, 6 May 2013

Indian constitution

1st Amendment

  • zamindari abolition laws
  • place reasonable restriction on freedom of speech
  • Schedule 9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights.


  • Amended articles: 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376.
    Inserted: articles 31A and 31B,schedule 9
    Date on which the Act came into force: 18th June 1951
    Prime Minister:JAWAHARLAL NEHRU

    Article 15:Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
    Article 19:Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
    Article 85:Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.
    Article 87:Special address by the President.
    Article 174:Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution.
    Article 176:Special address by the Governor.
    Article 341:Scheduled Castes.
    Article 342:Scheduled Tribes.
    Article 372:Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation.
    Article 376:Provisions as to Judges of High Courts.

    Inserted Article 31A:Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
    Inserted Article 31B:Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.
    Inserted NINTH SCHEDULE [Article 31B]:Validation of certain Acts and Regulations


    2nd Amendment

    Amended articles:81
    Date on which the Act came into force: 19th May, 1952
    Prime Minister:JAWAHARLAL NEHRU

    By this amendment, the scale or representation for election to the Lok Sabha was readjusted and fix the size of each parliamentary constituency between 650,000 and 850,000 voters

    Article 81:Composition of the House of the People.

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